Wednesday, March 18, 2020

Thomas Mappes essays

Thomas Mappes essays Thomas Mappes, in his article, talks about coercion and deception among individuals who are guilty of using another person without their informed voluntary consent. He tries to determine when it is wrong for one person to use another as a means to benefit the user and when one is guilty of sexually using another person. Mappes says that using another person is acceptable when that both parties have given their voluntary informed consent. Information must be presented to enable persons to voluntarily decide whether or not to participate. It is to ensure respect for persons through provision of thoughtful consent for a voluntary act. Persons may give their voluntary informed consent while not knowing all the facts. A person may withhold the truth or fill the truth with false information to get the person to participate. Another way of one using another would be by coercion. There are two types of coercion. Occurrent coercion which involves the use of physical force and dispositional coercion involves the threat of physical force. Mappes is not saying that using another person is always morally wrong, because we use other people for our own ends all the time. We use a physician to keep ourselves healthy and the physician uses his patients for his lively hood. Each of the parties uses the other group to fulfill their own task, based on the voluntary participation and their given consent. Both parties respect each other and realize that they have the right to do with their lives as they see fit, and should not be coerced into doing something that would violate their rights as a human being. If someone will not give their consent on a particular situation, then that is their right and it should not be violated. If someone wanted to get consent from someone who was reluctant to do so, then they might immorally use them by one of two ways. Deception, being one, where a party gives false inform...

Monday, March 2, 2020

Miohippus - Facts and Figures

Miohippus - Facts and Figures Name: Miohippus (Greek for Miocene horse); pronounced MY-oh-HIP-us Habitat: Plains of North America Historical Epoch: Late Eocene-Early Oligocene (35-25 million years ago) Size and Weight: About four feet long and 50-75 pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Small size; relatively long skull; three-toed feet    About Miohippus Miohippus was one of the most successful prehistoric horses of the Tertiary period; this three-toed genus (which was closely related to the similarly named Mesohippus) was represented by about a dozen different species, all of them indigenous to North America from about 35 to 25 million years ago. Miohippus was a bit larger than Mesohippus (about 100 pounds for a full-grown adult, compared to 50 or 75 pounds); however, despite its name, it lived not in the Miocene but the earlier Eocene and Oligocene epochs, a mistake for which you can thank the famous American paleontologist Othniel C. Marsh. Like its similarly named relatives, Miohippus lay on the direct evolutionary line that led to the modern horse, genus Equus. Somewhat confusingly, although Miohippus is known by over a dozen named species, ranging from M. acutidens to M. quartus, the genus itself consisted of two basic types, one adapted for life on prairies and the other best suited to forests and woodlands. It was the prairie variety that led to Equus; the woodland version, with its elongated second and fourth toes, spawned small descendants that went extinct in Eurasia at the cusp of the Pliocene epoch, about five million years ago.